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The luminosities and distance scales of type II Cepheid and RR Lyrae variables
Infrared and optical absolute magnitudes are derived for the type IICepheids κ Pav and VY Pyx using revised Hipparcos parallaxes andfor κ Pav, V553 Cen and SW Tau from pulsational parallaxes.Revised Hipparcos and HST parallaxes for RR Lyrae agree satisfactorilyand are combined in deriving absolute magnitudes. Phase-corrected J, Hand Ks mags are given for 142 Hipparcos RR Lyraes based onTwo-Micron All-Sky Survey observations. Pulsation and trigonometricalparallaxes for classical Cepheids are compared to establish the bestvalue for the projection factor (p) used in pulsational analyses.The MV of RR Lyrae itself is 0.16 +/- 0.12 mag brighter thanpredicted from an MV-[Fe/H] relation based on RR Lyrae starsin the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) at a modulus of 18.39 +/- 0.05 asfound from classical Cepheids. This is consistent with the prediction ofCatelan & Cortés that it is overluminous for its metallicity.The results for the metal- and carbon-rich Galactic disc stars, V553 Cenand SW Tau, each with small internal errors (+/-0.08 mag) have a meandeviation of only 0.02 mag from the period-luminosity (PL) relationestablished by Matsunaga et al. for type II Cepheids in globularclusters and with a zero-point based on the same LMC-scale. Comparingdirectly the luminosities of these two stars with published data on typeII Cepheids in the LMC and in the Galactic bulge leads to an LMC modulusof 18.37 +/- 0.09 and a distance to the Galactic Centre of R0= 7.64 +/- 0.21kpc. The data for VY Pyx agree with these results withinthe uncertainties set by its parallax. Evidence is presented thatκ Pav may have a close companion and possible implications of thisare discussed. If the pulsational parallax of this star is incorporatedin the analyses, the distance scales just discussed will be increased by~0.15 +/- 0.15 mag. V553 Cen and SW Tau show that at optical wavelengthsPL relations are wider for field stars than for those in globularclusters. This is probably due to a narrower range of masses in thelatter case.
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| A catalogue of RR Lyrae stars from the Northern Sky Variability Survey
A search for RR Lyrae stars has been conducted in the publicly availabledata of the Northern Sky Variability Survey. Candidates have beenselected by the statistical properties of their variation; the standarddeviation, skewness and kurtosis with appropriate limits determined froma sample 314 known RRab and RRc stars listed in the General Catalogue ofVariable Stars. From the period analysis and light-curve shape of over3000 candidates 785 RR Lyrae have been identified of which 188 arepreviously unknown. The light curves were examined for the Blazhkoeffect and several new stars showing this were found. Six double-mode RRLyrae stars were also found of which two are new discoveries. Somepreviously known variables have been reclassified as RR Lyrae stars andsimilarly some RR Lyrae stars have been found to be other types ofvariable, or not variable at all.
| Proper identification of RR Lyrae stars brighter than 12.5 mag
RR Lyrae stars are of great importance for investigations of Galacticstructure. However, a complete compendium of all RR-Lyraes in the solarneighbourhood with accurate classifications and coordinates does notexist to this day. Here we present a catalogue of 561 local RR-Lyraestars (V_max ≤ 12.5 mag) according to the magnitudes given in theCombined General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) and 16 fainter ones.The Tycho2 catalogue contains ≃100 RR Lyr stars. However, manyobjects have inaccurate coordinates in the GCVS, the primary source ofvariable star information, so that a reliable cross-identification isdifficult. We identified RR Lyrae from both catalogues based on anintensive literature search. In dubious cases we carried out photometryof fields to identify the variable. Mennessier & Colome (2002,A&A, 390, 173) have published a paper with Tyc2-GCVSidentifications, but we found that many of their identifications arewrong.
| RR Lyrae stars: kinematics, orbits and z-distribution
RR Lyrae stars in the Milky Way are good tracers to study the kinematicbehaviour and spatial distribution of older stellar populations. Arecently established well documented sample of 217 RR Lyr stars withV<12.5 mag, for which accurate distances and radial velocities aswell as proper motions from the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues areavailable, has been used to reinvestigate these structural parameters.The kinematic parameters allowed to calculate the orbits of the stars.Nearly 1/3 of the stars of our sample have orbits staying near the MilkyWay plane. Of the 217 stars, 163 have halo-like orbits fulfilling one ofthe following criteria: Θ < 100 km s-1, orbiteccentricity >0.4, and normalized maximum orbital z-distance>0.45. Of these stars roughly half have retrograde orbits. Thez-distance probability distribution of this sample shows scale heightsof 1.3±0.1 kpc for the disk component and 4.6±0.3 kpc forthe halo component. With our orbit statistics method we found a(vertical) spatial distribution which, out to z=20 kpc, is similar tothat found with other methods. This distribution is also compatible withthe ones found for blue (HBA and sdB) halo stars. The circular velocityΘ, the orbit eccentricity, orbit z-extent and [Fe/H] are employedto look for possible correlations. If any, it is that the metal poorstars with [Fe/H] <1.0 have a wide symmetric distribution aboutΘ=0, thus for this subsample on average a motion independent ofdisk rotation. We conclude that the Milky Way possesses a halo componentof old and metal poor stars with a scale height of 4-5 kpc having randomorbits. The presence in our sample of a few metal poor stars (thus partof the halo population) with thin disk-like orbits is statistically notsurprising. The midplane density ratio of halo to disk stars is found tobe 0.16, a value very dependent on proper sample statistics.
| delta Scuti and related stars: Analysis of the R00 Catalogue
We present a comprehensive analysis of the properties of the pulsatingdelta Scuti and related variables based mainly on the content of therecently published catalogue by Rodríguez et al.(\cite{retal00a}, hereafter R00). In particular, the primaryobservational properties such as visual amplitude, period and visualmagnitude and the contributions from the Hipparcos, OGLE and MACHOlong-term monitoring projects are examined. The membership of thesevariables in open clusters and multiple systems is also analyzed, withspecial attention given to the delta Scuti pulsators situated ineclipsing binary systems. The location of the delta Scuti variables inthe H-R diagram is discussed on the basis of HIPPARCOS parallaxes anduvbybeta photometry. New borders of the classical instability arepresented. In particular, the properties of the delta Scuti pulsatorswith nonsolar surface abundances (SX Phe, lambda Boo, rho Pup, delta Deland classical Am stars subgroups) are examined. The Hipparcos parallaxesshow that the available photometric uvbybeta absolute magnitudecalibrations by Crawford can be applied correctly to delta Scutivariables rotating faster than v sin i ~ 100 km s{-1} withnormal spectra. It is shown that systematic deviations exist for thephotometrically determined absolute magnitudes, which correlate with vsin i and delta m1. The photometric calibrations are found tofit the lambda Boo stars, but should not be used for the group ofevolved metallic-line A stars. The related gamma Dor variables and thepre-main-sequence delta Scuti variables are also discussed. Finally, thevariables catalogued with periods longer than 0fd 25 are examined on astar-by-star basis in order to assign them to the proper delta Scuti, RRLyrae or gamma Dor class. A search for massive, long-period delta Scutistars similar to the triple-mode variable AC And is also carried out.
| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| Revised Prediction Elements For 33 Southern RR Lyrae Stars
Visual observations in the AAVSO International Database of 23 RR Lyraestars of southern declination have been reduced; revised maximaprediction elements are given for 21 of these stars. Maxima predictionelements are established for RZ Cap and AN Cap.
| Kinematics of Metal-poor Stars in the Galaxy. II. Proper Motions for a Large Nonkinematically Selected Sample
We present a revised catalog of 2106 Galactic stars, selected withoutkinematic bias and with available radial velocities, distance estimates,and metal abundances in the range -4.0<=[Fe/H]<=0.0. This updateof the 1995 Beers & Sommer-Larsen catalog includes newly derivedhomogeneous photometric distance estimates, revised radial velocitiesfor a number of stars with recently obtained high-resolution spectra,and refined metallicities for stars originally identified in the HKobjective-prism survey (which account for nearly half of the catalog)based on a recent recalibration. A subset of 1258 stars in this cataloghave available proper motions based on measurements obtained with theHipparcos astrometry satellite or taken from the updated AstrographicCatalogue (second epoch positions from either the Hubble Space TelescopeGuide Star Catalog or the Tycho Catalogue), the Yale/San Juan SouthernProper Motion Catalog 2.0, and the Lick Northern Proper Motion Catalog.Our present catalog includes 388 RR Lyrae variables (182 of which arenewly added), 38 variables of other types, and 1680 nonvariables, withdistances in the range 0.1 to 40 kpc.
| A revised catalogue of delta Sct stars
An extensive and up-dated list of delta Sct stars is presented here.More than 500 papers, published during the last few years, have beenrevised and 341 new variables have been added to our last list, sixyears ago. This catalogue is intended to be a comprehensive review onthe observational characteristics of all the delta Sct stars known untilnow, including stars contained in earlier catalogues together with othernew discovered variables, covering information published until January2000. In summary, 636 variables, 1149 references and 182 individualnotes are presented in this new list. Tables 1 and 2 will be accessibleonly in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Photometric Abundance Calibration of delta Scuti Stars Using HK Photometry
The hk index has been used as a metallicity indicator for RR Lyraevariable stars. It is now being applied to the shorter period deltaScuti variables. Employing spectroscopic abundances of stars withpublished hk values and photometric indices calculated from stellaratmosphere models, a three-dimensional interpolation is used todetermine [Fe/H] from intrinsic b-y, c_1, and hk values. The resulting[Fe/H], log g, and T_eff values for 10 delta Scuti stars are presented.
| The absolute magnitudes of RR Lyraes from HIPPARCOS parallaxes and proper motions
We have used HIPPARCOS proper motions and the method of StatisticalParallax to estimate the absolute magnitude of RR Lyrae stars. Inaddition we used the HIPPARCOS parallax of RR Lyrae itself to determineit's absolute magnitude. These two results are in excellent agreementwith each other and give a zero-point for the RR Lyrae M_v,[Fe/H]relation of 0.77+/-0.15 at [Fe/H]=-1.53. This zero-point is in goodagreement with that obtained recently by several groups usingBaade-Wesselink methods which, averaged over the results from thedifferent groups, gives M_v = 0.73+/-0.14 at [Fe/H]=-1.53. Taking theHIPPARCOS based zero-point and a value of 0.18+/-0.03 for the slope ofthe M_v,[Fe/H] relation from the literature we find firstly, thedistance modulus of the LMC is 18.26+/-0.15 and secondly, the mean ageof the Globular Clusters is 17.4+/-3.0 GYrs. These values are comparedwith recent estimates based on other "standard candles" that have alsobeen calibrated with HIPPARCOS data. It is clear that, in addition toastrophysical problems, there are also problems in the application ofHIPPARCOS data that are not yet fully understood. Table 1, whichcontains the basic data for the RR Lyraes, is available only at CDS. Itmay be retrieved via anonymous FTP at cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5)or via the Web at http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Early evolution of the Galactic halo revealed from Hipparcos observations of metal-poor stars
The kinematics of 122 red giant and 124 RR Lyrae stars in the solarneighborhood are studied using accurate measurements of their propermotions obtained by the Hipparcos astrometry satellite, combined withtheir published photometric distances, metal abundances, and radialvelocities. A majority of these sample stars have metal abundances of(Fe/H) = -1 or less and thus represent the old stellar populations inthe Galaxy. The halo component, with (Fe/H) = -1.6 or less, ischaracterized by a lack of systemic rotation and a radially elongatedvelocity ellipsoid. About 16 percent of such metal-poor stars have loworbital eccentricities, and we see no evidence of a correlation between(Fe/H) and e. Based on the model for the e-distribution of orbits, weshow that this fraction of low-e stars for (Fe/H) = -1.6 or less isexplained by the halo component alone, without introducing the extradisk component claimed by recent workers. This is also supported by theabsence of a significant change in the e-distribution with height fromthe Galactic plane. In the intermediate-metallicity range, we find thatstars with disklike kinematics have only modest effects on thedistributions of rotational velocities and e for the sample at absolutevalue of z less than 1 kpc. This disk component appears to constituteonly 10 percent for (Fe/H) between -1.6 and -1 and 20 percent for (Fe/H)between -1.4 and -1.
| Structural Properties of Pulsating Star Light Curves Through Fuzzy Divisive Hierarchical Clustering
Not Available
| Photometry of the RR Lyrae Variable U Comae
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....112.2142H&db_key=AST
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| The Henry Draper Extension Charts: A catalogue of accurate positions, proper motions, magnitudes and spectral types of 86933 stars
The Henry Draper Extension Charts (HDEC), published in the form offinding charts, provide spectral classification for some 87000 starsmostly between 10th and 11th magnitude. This data, being highlyvaluable, as yet was practically unusable for modern computer-basedastronomy. An earlier pilot project (Roeser et al. 1991) demonstrated apossibility to convert this into a star catalogue, using measurements ofcartesian coordinates of stars on the charts and positions of theAstrographic Catalogue (AC) for subsequent identification. We presenthere a final HDEC catalogue comprising accurate positions, propermotions, magnitudes and spectral classes for 86933 stars of the HenryDraper Extension Charts.
| Kinematics of metal-poor stars in the galaxy
We discuss the kinematic properties of a sample of 1936 Galactic stars,selected without kinematic bias, and with abundances (Fe/H) is less thanor equal to -0.6. The stars selected for this study all have measuredradial velocities, and the majority have abundances determined fromspectroscopic or narrow-/intermediate-band photometric techniques. Incontrast to previous examinations of the kinematics of the metal-poorstars in the Galaxy, our sample contains large numbers of stars that arelocated at distances in excess of 1 kpc from the Galactic plane. Thus, amuch clearer picture of the nature of the metal-deficient populations inthe Galaxy can now be drawn.
| Summary of Delta S metallicity measurements for bright RR Lyrae variables observed at Lick Observatory and KPNO between 1972 and 1987
From 1972 to 1987 we conducted a survey of the metallicity of faint RRLyrae variables in the Galactic halo, using the 'Butler system' of DeltaS. As part of the calibration of this program, we made approximately 500observations of bright RR Lyraes as abundance standards. We summarizeall the observations of these bright field RR Lyraes and provideaveraged values for the metallicity parameter Delta S. These averagesrepresent the most precise definition of the Butler system for themeasurement of RR Lyrae metallicities. The typical mean error is 0.3units in Delta S, which corresponds to 0.05 dex in (Fe/H). We alsobriefly discuss the weaknesses in the determination of (Fe/H) from DeltaS.
| Pulsation and stability of RR Lyrae stars. 1: Instability strip
In order to provide a detailed analysis of RR Lyrae instability striptopology, an extensive grid of nonlinear, nonlocal, and time-dependentconvective models of RR Lyrae stars has been computed at fixed mass (M =0.65 solar mass) and chemical composition (Y = 0.299, Z = 0.001). Fourseries of envelope models at different luminosity levels (log(L/solarluminosity) = 1.81, 1.72, 1.61, 1.51) and on a large range of effectivetemperatures (5700 K less than Te less than 8000 K) have beeninvestigated. The nonlinear modal stability has been evaluated atlimiting amplitude for both the fundamental and the first overtone. Theequations governing both dynamical and convective interactions have beenintegrated in time until the initial perturbations and the nonlinearfluctuations due to superposition of higher order modes settled down.The theoretical observables obtained by the present survey (radius,luminosity, velocity and temperature amplitudes, periods) describe thepulsation characteristics of the models at full amplitude, hence theycan be properly compared with observations. A linear, nonadiabaticsurvey of the first three modes of RR Lyrae models has been alsocomputed to supply the static structure of the envelope to the nonlinearstability analysis. Several numerical simulations have been performed totest both the numerical accuracy (boundary conditions, time-step size,zoning) and the adequacy of the physical assumption (efficiency of theturbulent regime, artificial viscosity dependence, convective structureinitialization) adopted to describe the coupling between dynamical andconvective fields. The structure of the instability strip shows severalstriking features concerning the width in temperature of the regionwhere only the first overtone is unstable. Indeed, the fundamental blueedge, moving from higher to lower luminosity levels, becomes redder, incontrast to previous findings but in agreement with globular clustersobserved data. Moreover, using an improved treatment of the convectivetransport, the first-overtone red edge has been directly evaluated andhence also the width of the 'either-or' region (i.e., the region whereboth the fundamental and the first overtone are simultaneouslyunstable). It has been found that the periods of the nonlinearconvective models are systematically smaller than the correspondingperiods of both linear and nonlinear radiative models. The differencesbetween linear and nonlinear results are smaller than 2% of the period,however. This effect has been explained as a consequence of the changesinduced during the phases of maximum compression by the convectivetransport on the adiabatic exponent, and on the density inversionlocated in coincidence with the hydrogen ionization reigon.
| δ Scuti stars: a new revised list
An extensive and up to date list of δ Sct stars is presented. Thiscatalogue is intended to be a comprehensive review of observationalcharacteristics of all the δ Sct stars known until now, includingstars contained in earlier catalogues together with other new discoveredvariables, covering information published until November 1993. Globalinformation in the form of histograms and diagrams are also shown.
| Temperature, mass, and luminosity of RR Lyrae stars as functions of metallicity at the blue fundamental edge. II
The calibration of the absolute magnitudes of average field RR Lyraestars from the pulsation equation is sought by finding the relationsbetween metallicity, period, and mass along the blue fundamental edge(BFE) on the basis of various types of observational data. It is shownin S93I that the Oosterhoff-Arp-Preston correlation of period andmetallicity at the BFE is steep at -0.122 +/- 0.02. The determination isindependent of reddening and of light curve amplitude. The (B-V) exp0mag color of the bluest field RR Lyrae in the field starsample of Blanco (1992) is independent of metallicity over the range of(Fe/H) from 0 to -2.1.
| The metallicity of RR Lyrae stars in Baade's window
Metallicities are derived via the Delta S method for 59 RR Lyraevariables in the Baade's window field of the Galactic nuclear bulge.Both RRab and RRc variables have average Fe/H = -1.0. The metallicitydistribution for the whole sample is sharply peaked, with a dispersionin Fe/H of only 0.16 dex, far smaller than suggested by previousstudies. The narrow metallicity distribution does not permit the variouscurrent estimates of the magnitude of a luminosity/metallicity relationfor RR Lyrae stars to be distinguished. It is also found that the metalabundance of the globular cluster NGC 6522 in Baade's window is close tothat of the bulge RR Lyraes, which sets the reddening to the Baadewindow to be E(B - V) = 0.50 + or - 0.05 and the distance to thegalactic center to be 8.2 + or - 1 kpc.
| On Omega Centauri and its RRc stars
Masses, absolute temperatures, and luminosities are derived for a largesample of RRc stars in the globular cluster Omega Centauri, interpretingthe observed periods, relative luminosities, and Fourier phases in termsof linear and hydrodynamic pulsation models. The resulting masses agreewith those of the RRd stars in other clusters and the derived parameterspass a number of other tests which are independent of their derivation.The results disagree with current horizontal branch models and alsoimply that the canonical slope of the log T(e) versus B-V relation istoo steep by a factor of two. It is shown that the disagreement betweenthe RRd masses and those based on horizontal branch calculations cannotbe reconciled by reasonable changes in metallicity or opacity. Nocorrelation between the masses of the Omega Cen RRc stars and theirmetallicities is found, and it is shown that this cannot be due to thelate redward evolution by the RR Lyrae stars of lower mass.
| The Baade-Wesselink method applied to field RR Lyrae stars. III - YZ Capricorni, RV Phoenicis, and V440 Sagittarii
Application of the Baade-Wesselink method to three field RR Lyraevariables reveals evidence of shock waves in the atmospheres of RV Pheand V440 Sgr (but not YZ Cap) during maximum light. The results yielddistance moduli of 24.21 + or - 0.20 for M31, 18.26 + or - 0.20 for theLMC, and 18.85 + or - 0.20 for the SMC. Using the Sandage (1982)age/turn-off luminosity relationship of VandenBerg and Bell (1985),estimated ages of 18.8 Gyr for M92 and of 15.7 Gyr for 47 Tuc arederived.
| On metallicity and RR Lyrae light curves
Fourier decompositions are performed for the light curves of sixRRab and 3 RRc field stars. These are added toprevious work to form a sample of 61 RRab and 12RRc pulsators. The authors use this sample to establish avery regular decrease in the Fourier parameter ?21 withdecreasing metal content among field RRab stars with period P< 0d.575. They show that this relation can be tentativelyexplained as an opacity effect, using simple one-zone models. No trendof ?21 with metallicity is found for the RRcfield stars.
| A Determination of Interstellar Absorption for Rrc-Lyrae Variables
Interstellar absorption is determined for 13 RRc Lyrae variables and 3dwarf Cepheids using the method described in Astron. Tsirk., No. 1503,1987.
| The Baade-Wesselink method applied to field RR Lyrae stars. I - UBVRI photoelectric and radial velocity data
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1987A&AS...69..135C&db_key=AST
| Fourier decomposition of the light curves of high amplitude Delta Scuti and SX Phe stars
The light curves of monoperiodic, high amplitude ? Scuti and SXPhe stars have been Fourier decomposed in order to study theirstructural properties. The computed phase differences show a trend toincrease with the period similar to the trend observed in short periodCepheids and RR Lyrae stars. There is some evidence of a separation ofthe light curves in two groups, which indicates the presence of twotypes of pulsation. The proposed separation is discussed taking alsointo account the amplitude-amplitude diagrams, and some comparisons withRR Lyrae star light curves are made. For the present there are noevident physical differences between the stars in the two groups whichcan explain the separation.
| RR Lyrae stars - A theoretical study of Bailey type C variables
New theoretical models of stars pulsating in the first overtone havebeen constructed to simulate RR Lyr variables of Bailey type c. Despitethe use of different opacities, these new models agree very well withearlier models built by Christy and Stellingwerf. Quantitativecomparisons using empirical light curves and velocity curves ofmetal-poor type c variables confirm the validity of the models. Massesof 0.55-0.65 solar mass and luminosities of 40-50 solar luminositiesderived here for the type c variables, are consistent with previousresults obtained for type ab variables. A Christy echo of the kindnormally associated with fundamental-mode pulsators was detected in theinterior velocity structure of one first-overtone model that happens tohave a large velocity amplitude.
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